Place the dish on the center rack of the preheated oven and bake for 40–50 minutes, or until the top is deeply golden and bubbling around the edges, and you can see the peach syrup thick and caramelized beneath the crust.
Remove from the oven and let the cobbler rest for at least 10–15 minutes. This short cooling time allows the juices to thicken slightly so you get spoonable, syrupy fruit rather than a runny filling. Serve warm straight from the glass dish.
For a slightly less sweet version, use one can of peaches in heavy syrup and one can in juice, or drain off a bit of the syrup before baking. If you only have peaches in juice, you can sprinkle 2–3 tablespoons of sugar over the fruit before adding the cake mix (this doesn’t change the core 3-ingredient structure, just adjusts sweetness). To mimic that classic Southern spice note without adding extra ingredients, choose a yellow cake mix labeled as butter or golden butter flavor, which bakes up with a richer, almost vanilla-custard aroma. If your oven runs hot, tent the cobbler loosely with foil for the last 10–15 minutes to prevent over-browning while the peach juices finish bubbling and thickening. For smaller gatherings, halve the recipe and bake it in an 8-inch square glass dish, checking for doneness about 10 minutes earlier. This cobbler is best the day it’s made, but leftovers reheat nicely: warm individual portions in the microwave in short bursts until the top is crisp and the filling is just starting to bubble again.