Let the dish rest on the counter for 10–15 minutes to allow the cinnamon roll pieces to start absorbing the sweet mixture. This short soak helps the casserole bake up custardy rather than dry.
Place the dish on the center rack of the preheated oven and bake for 30–40 minutes, or until the top is puffed and golden brown and the custard is set in the center. A knife inserted in the middle should come out mostly clean, with no liquid custard clinging to it.
Remove the casserole from the oven and let it cool for about 10 minutes. While it rests, knead the icing packets briefly with your hands to soften them, then snip the corners and drizzle the icing generously over the warm casserole. If using, sprinkle with purple, green, and gold sanding sugar for a king cake effect.
Serve warm, scooping the casserole into bowls or onto plates so everyone gets a mix of soft, custardy center and golden edges. Store any leftovers covered in the refrigerator for up to 3 days and reheat gently in a low oven or microwave before serving.
For a stronger king cake vibe, tuck a few tablespoons of cream cheese in small dollops among the cinnamon roll pieces before pouring on the sweet blend; it will bake into pockets of tangy richness. You can also add 1/2 cup of chopped pecans for a bit of crunch, or scatter in 1/3 cup of golden raisins for a nod to classic bread pudding. If you prefer a slightly lighter texture, replace the heavy cream with additional whole milk and reduce the brown sugar to 1/4 cup. For a make-ahead version, assemble the dish the night before, cover tightly, and refrigerate; in the morning, let it sit at room temperature for 20–30 minutes while the oven preheats, then bake as directed, adding a few extra minutes if needed. A pinch of nutmeg or cardamom in the sweet blend adds subtle warmth, and if you like a boozy twist, whisk 1–2 tablespoons of rum or bourbon into the custard. Just keep the core method the same: scatter cinnamon roll pieces in a glass dish, pour over one well-mixed sweet blend, and bake until puffed and set.